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Abraham Isaak (October 4, 1856 – December 10, 1937) was a newspaper editor and Russian anarchist. He was raised in the Mennonite village of Rosenthal, part of the Chortitza Colony, but later settled in the U.S. ==Biography== Isaak worked in a bookstore in Odessa, Ukraine, where he reportedly became a Nihilist. He fled Czarist police for Rio de Janeiro in about 1889. In 1890 he moved to the U.S. and lived in San Francisco before relocating to Portland, Oregon. In Portland Isaak became a member of the Socialist Labor Party and in 1895 founded the anarchist weekly, the Firebrand, with American-born Quaker Abner Pope and Henry Addis. Isaak would embrace anarchism after its followers were expelled following the formation of the Second International in 1889. Isaak was best known for his editing and publishing the American anarchist weeklies the ''Firebrand'' (1895–1897) and ''Free Society'' (1897–1904), Isaak was less a theorist than an activist.〔For a history of the Firebrand and its contribution to anarchist thought, see Carlos A. Schwantes, "Free Love and Free Speech on the Pacific Northwest Frontier," ''Oregon Historical Quarterly'', 82 (1981), 271-293.〕 His acquaintances and friends included the Russian Anarchists Peter Kropotkin and Emma Goldman,〔See especially Emma Goldman, ''Living My Life'', Vol. 1, New York: De Capo Press. 1970., Pg. 225.〕 along with American attorney Clarence Darrow, Settlement House founder, Jane Addams, and economist Thorsten Veblen. In 1897, authorities closed the ''Firebrand'' and arrested Isaak after its publication of Walt Whitman’s poem, “A Woman Waits for Me,” along with several other articles which authorities deemed “obscene.” Isaak was arrested. Later, awaiting trial and out on bond, the Isaak family moved to San Francisco, where they founded Free Society. The Portland court later dismissed the charges against Isaak, Pope, and Addis. The Isaaks left San Francisco for Chicago in early 1901 leaving Pete in San Francisco. Seven months later, Isaak was propelled into national headlines after Leon Czolgosz, with no reported anarchist connections, shot U.S. President William McKinley in Buffalo, New York, on September 6, 1901. Coincidentally Isaak had met the would-be assassin days earlier in Chicago. Czolgosz’s espousals of violence had aroused the suspicions of Abraham that he was a spy, and prompting ''Free Society'' to publish a warning against associating with Czolgosz. Following the shooting the Isaak family and anarchists across the country were arrested and jailed. The Isaaks were released later that September. Isaak came to regret his move to New York in 1904 where ''Free Society'' faced financial problems that forced its closure in November of that year. Emma Goldman’s ''Mother Earth'', which first appeared in 1906, was an attempt to fill the anarchists’ subsequent literary void.〔See Peter Glassgold, ed., ''Anarchy! An Anthology of Emma Goldman's Mother Earth'', Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 2001.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abraham Isaak」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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